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Galician-language literature
Galician-language literature is the literature written in Galician. The earliest works in Galician language are from the early 13th-century ''trovadorismo'' tradition. In the Middle Ages, ''Galego-português'' (Galician-Portuguese) was a language of culture, poetry (troubadours) and religion throughout not only Galicia and Portugal but also Castile.
After the separation of Portuguese and Galician, Galician was considered provincial and was not widely used for literary or academic purposes. It was with the ''Rexurdimento'' ("Rebirth"), in the mid-19th century that Galician was used again in literature, and then in politics.
Much literature by Galician authors is written in Spanish, such as by Ignacio Ramonet or Gonzalo Torrente Ballester - though such writers tend to be excluded from discussion of Galician literature and counted as Spanish-language literature.〔Jo Labanyi ''Spanish Literature: A Very Short Introduction'' 2010 "An issue here is how to classify Catalan, Galician, and Basque authors who write in Castilian. They tend to be excluded from discussion of Catalan, Galician, and Basque literature. This produces complications in the case of writers who have published in both languages: for example, the poet Pere Gimferrer (1945–) who in the 1970s switched from Castilian to Catalan; or the novelist Terenci Moix (1942–2003) who in..."〕
Rosalia Castro de Murguía's ''Cantares Gallegos'' (1863; Galician Songs) was the first Galician-language book to be published in four centuries.〔World Literature in Spanish: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia - Page 162 Maureen Ihrie, Salvador Oropesa - 2011 "Yet it was her verse collection Cantares Gallegos (1863; Galician Songs) that gave rise to that renaissance, because it was the first Galician-language book to be published in four centuries. In this sense, Rosalıa's work became the ..."〕 Related to literature, Chano Pineiro's 1989 ''Sempre Xonxa'' (Forever a Woman) is regarded as the first Galician-language film.〔Film history - Volume 14 - Page 102 2002 "Chano Pineiro's 1989 Sempre Xonxa (Forever a Woman)was the first Galician-language film from Spain's northwest corner. The same year, Xavier Villaverde's ContinentaI another Galician-language work, met with more mixed reviews."〕 The intellectual group Xeración Nós, a name that alludes to the Irish Sinn Féin ("We Ourselves") promoted Galacian culture in the 1920s.〔Geert Lernout, Wim Van Mierlo The Reception of James Joyce in Europe - Page 425 - 2004 "They were known as the Xeración Nós (Generation ourselves) — a name that alludes to the Irish Sinn Fein (We ourselves) — and they were grouped ... In August 1926, also in Nos, Otero Pedrayo gave the Galician translation of various .."〕 Xeración Galaxia was established to translate modern texts that would link an independent Galician culture with the European context.〔Kirsty Hooper ''Writing Galicia Into the World: New Cartographies, New Poetics'' 2011- Page 21 "Galician language and culture, setting them up in opposition to Spanish language and culture, in a way that in 1922 was still new ... The renewal of Galician cultural history from the early 1950s, through the efforts of the intellectual group known as the Xeración Galaxia, was ... given the estate's refusal to authorize translation into Galician, with the slightly bizarre consequence that Galician was confirmed"〕 The Galician translation of the Bible was begun in 1968 by Editorial SEPT and published in 1989.〔Harald Kittel Ubersetzung, Translation, Traduction: Ein Internationales Handbuch 2011 Page 2015 "The aim of this 'Xeración' was to translate avant-garde texts that could help link an independent Galician culture with the wider European content. ... The Galician translation of the Bible was begun in 1968 and published in 1989. "〕
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